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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 89(4): 382-392, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149097

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La llegada de los anticoagulantes directos (ACD) ha supuesto un cambio en el tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) en los últimos años. Los objetivos de este estudio son determinar el grado de control de la anticoagulación con antivitamina K (AVK) y su posible implicación en efectos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (ECAM) y evaluar las diferencias entre el grupo en tratamiento con AVK respecto del grupo con ACD. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que incluyó a pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados con FANV valorados en el Servicio de Cardiología con un seguimiento de 18 meses. Se analizaron diferencias demográficas, clínicas y analíticas entre grupos, incluido el grado de control de la anticoagulación del grupo AVK y su posible relación con ECAM. Resultados: Se incluyó a 273 pacientes: 46.5% tratados con AVK, 42.5% con ACD y 11% sin tratamiento anticoagulante. El control de la anticoagulación con AVK fue del 62.1%, sin diferencias en ECAM en función de control. El grupo ACD presentó menos ECAM que el grupo de AVK (13.4 vs. 4.3%; HR, 0.90; 0.83-0.98; p = 0.01), con una menor mortalidad cardiovascular (0.0 vs. 5.5%; HR, 0.94; 0.90-0.98; p = 0.01) y total (0.9 vs. 12.6%; HR, 0.88; 0.82-0.94; p menor que 0,01), aunque sin diferencias significativas en eventos hemorrágicos (0.9 vs. 4.7%; p = 0.07) ni isquémicos (2.6 vs. 0.8%; p = 0.27). Discusión: Los pacientes con AVK poseen un perfil clínico diferente en comparación con los que reciben ACD. El control de anticoagulación del grupo de AVK fue inadecuado en casi la mitad de los casos. El grupo de AVK presentó más ECAM que el grupo de ACD.


Abstract Introduction: The arrival of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has led to a change in the management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in recent years. The objectives of this study are to determine the level of therapeutic control of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and its possible involvement in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and to evaluate differences between the group on VKA with respect to the group on DOACs. Patients and methods: Prospective cohort study that included consecutive patients diagnosed with NVAF in Cardiology Consultations with a clinical follow-up of 18 months. Demographic, clinical and analytical differences between groups were analyzed, including the level of therapeutic control of anticoagulation on the VKA group and its association with MACE. Results: Overall, 273 patients were included: 46.5% on VKA, 42.5% on DOACs, 11% without antithrombotic treatment. Patients on VKA spent 62.1% of their time within therapeutic range (TTR by the Rosendaal formule). There were no differences in MACE depending on anticoagulation control. The DOACs group presented lesser MACE rate than the VKA group (13.4 vs. 4.3%; 0.90; HR 0.90; 0.83-0.98 p = 0.01) with lower cardiovascular mortality (0.0 vs. 5.5%; HR, 0.94; 0.90-0.98; p = 0.01) and total mortality (0.9 vs. 12.6%; HR, 0.88; 0.82-0.94; p less 0.01) although without significant differences in hemorrhagic (0.9 vs. 4.7 %; p = 0.07), or ischemic events (2.6 vs. 0.8%, p = 0.27). Conclusions: Patients on VKA have a different clinical profile than those who receive DOACs. Patients on VKA have an inadequate control of the anticoagulation in quite the half of the cases. The VKA group presented more MACE than the DOACs group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors , Factor Xa Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Administration, Oral , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(1): 20-26, 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713522

ABSTRACT

La angiografía coronaria permanece como "gold standard" para el diagnóstico y toma de decisiones en la enfermedad coronaria. Sin embargo, la significación de lesiones con estenosis de 50-70 por ciento es difícil. La medición de la reserva de flujo fraccional (FFR) es una herramienta útil para dilucidar esta interrogante. Generalmente se usa adenosina (A) en bolo intracoronario para inducir máxima vasodilatación y hay poca evidencia para drogas alternativas con este objeto. En este estudio evaluamos el uso de nitroprusiato (N) como droga alternativa. Métodos y Resultados: Se efectuó un estudio clínico aleatorizado. A (120 ug IC) y posteriormente N (50 ug IC), o vice-versa, se usaron para evaluar cada lesión. Se evaluaron 60 lesiones en 44 pacientes (24 hombres) de 63.5 +/- 9.6 años, con masa corporal 28.95 +/- 3.32 kg/m2. Las lesiones se localizaron en arteria descendente anterior en 46.7 por ciento, coronaria derecha en 26.7 por ciento, circunfleja en 11.7 por ciento y 13.9 por ciento en las otras arterias. La estenosis coronaria promedio evaluada por angiografía cuantitativa fue 49.5 por ciento (95 por ciento CI: 46.5 - 52.5 por ciento). La presión arterial media (PAM) basal fue similar en ambos grupos (pre - A: 106.5 +/- 18.2 mmHg, pre - N: 105.6 +/- 18.8 mmHg, NS) o después de A, pero se observó un descenso transitorio después de NP (descenso promedio de 12.5 mmHg, 95 por ciento CI: 9.2 a15.7 mmHg, 2p < 0.001). Este efecto estaba asociado a la hiperemia prolongada lograda con N. (duración de hiperemia con N: 39.2 +/- 8.7 s., y con A of 15.3 +/- 3.2 s. 2p < 0.001). Hubo excelente correlación entre los resultados de A y de N respecto de FFR (r 0.986)...


Abstract: Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease and making therapeutic decisions. However the significance of intermediate lesions (between 50-70%) is difficult to evaluate. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement is an important tool for the evaluation of these lesions. To achieve maximum vasodilatation, Intracoronary (IC) bolus or a continuous intravenous infusion of (A) is usually used. There is very little data for an alternative drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sodium nitroprusside (N) 50 IC bolus as an alternative to A for to determine FFR.Method and Results: A multicentric, randomized clinical trial was conducted. A, (120 IC) and subsequently N (50 IC) or vice versa was used for every lesion. 60 coronary lesions were evaluated in 44 patients (24 men and 20 women), mean age 63.5 ± 9.6 years and BMI 28.95 ± 3.32 kg/m2. The lesions were located in the left anterior descending artery in 46.7% of patients, the right coronary in 26.7%, the circumflex in 11.7% and others in 13.9%. Mean coronary artery stenosis as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was 49.5% (95% CI: 46.5 - 52.5%).The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in groups at baseline.(pre - A: 106.5 ± 18.2 mmHg, pre - N: 105.6 ± 18.8 mmHg, NS), or after A, but there was a transient decrease in MAP when N was administered (average decline of MAP: 12.5 mmHg, (95% CI: 9.2 to 15.7 mmHg, 2p < 0.001). This effect was due to the prolonged hypere-mia time achieved with the drug (hyperemia duration with nitroprusside 39.2 ± 8.7 sec. and with adenosine of 15.3 ± 3.2 sec. 2p < 0.001). We could demonstrate an excellent correlation between IC nitroprusside and IC adenosine with regard to FFR measurement, (correlation coefficient = 0.986, p < 0.001)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Circulation , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Nitroprusside/administration & dosage , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Adenosine/administration & dosage , Coronary Circulation/physiology , Hyperemia/chemically induced , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Time Factors , Vasodilation , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
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